Ah ok, I forgot that you asking for my permission was for this mod, been a while.
There's no moderation as far as I know, but it's been a while since I uploaded my first mod, maybe it's a one time thing. I haven't heard others asking about it on the guide page though.
Visibility in the vdf gets ignored, I always leave it on "0", so that shouldn't be an issue. I don't really know why the "Public" option is not in your list, strange.
A mod becomes visible in the overview of files you've posted right away, but it takes a bit (an hour or something, not too long) before it's visible in the "Most recent" tab.
I don't have Steam Guard, had to look up what that is.
Possibly related: https://steamcommunity.com/app/255710/discussions/0/611704730322374875/